Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2

apps/bootstrap/protected/views/layouts/main.php

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ $this->registerAssetBundle('app');
 		<div class="navbar">
 			<div class="navbar-inner">
 				<div class="container">
-					<?php echo Menu::widget($this, array(
+					<?php echo Menu::widget(array(
 						'options' => array('class' => 'nav'),
 						'items' => array(
 							array('label' => 'Home', 'url' => array('/site/index')),
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ $this->registerAssetBundle('app');
 		<!-- /.navbar -->
 	</div>
 
-	<?php echo Breadcrumbs::widget($this, array(
+	<?php echo Breadcrumbs::widget(array(
 		'links' => isset($this->params['breadcrumbs']) ? $this->params['breadcrumbs'] : array(),
 	)); ?>
 	<?php echo $content; ?>
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ $this->registerAssetBundle('app');
 	</div>
 	<?php $this->endBody(); ?>
 </div>
-<?php echo Toolbar::widget($this); ?>
+<?php echo Toolbar::widget(); ?>
 </body>
 </html>
 <?php $this->endPage(); ?>

apps/bootstrap/protected/views/site/contact.php

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 	If you have business inquiries or other questions, please fill out the following form to contact us. Thank you.
 </p>
 
-<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin($this, array(
+<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin(array(
 	'options' => array('class' => 'form-horizontal'),
 	'fieldConfig' => array('inputOptions' => array('class' => 'input-xlarge')),
 )); ?>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 		$field = $form->field($model, 'verifyCode');
 		echo $field->begin()
 			. $field->label()
-			. Captcha::widget($this)
+			. Captcha::widget()
 			. Html::activeTextInput($model, 'verifyCode', array('class' => 'input-medium'))
 			. $field->error()
 			. $field->end();

apps/bootstrap/protected/views/site/login.php

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ $this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
 
 <p>Please fill out the following fields to login:</p>
 
-<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin($this, array('options' => array('class' => 'form-horizontal'))); ?>
+<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin(array('options' => array('class' => 'form-horizontal'))); ?>
 	<?php echo $form->field($model, 'username')->textInput(); ?>
 	<?php echo $form->field($model, 'password')->passwordInput(); ?>
 	<?php echo $form->field($model, 'rememberMe')->checkbox(); ?>

docs/api/db/ActiveRecord.md

@@ -446,3 +446,7 @@ $customers = Customer::find()->olderThan(50)->all();
 
 The parameters should follow after the `$query` parameter when defining the scope method, and they
 can take default values like shown above.
+
+### Atomic operations and scenarios
+
+TBD

docs/guide/upgrade-from-v1.md

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ methods of the `Widget` class. For example,
 ```php
 // $this refers to the View object
 // Note that you have to "echo" the result to display it
-echo \yii\widgets\Menu::widget($this, array('items' => $items));
+echo \yii\widgets\Menu::widget(array('items' => $items));
 
 // $this refers to the View object
 $form = \yii\widgets\ActiveForm::begin($this);

docs/internals/ar.md

 ActiveRecord
 ============
 
+Scenarios
+---------
+
+Possible scenario formats supported by ActiveRecord:
+
+```php
+public function scenarios()
+{
+    return array(
+        // attributes array, all operations won't be wrapped with transaction
+        'scenario1' => array('attribute1', 'attribute2'),
+
+        // insert and update operations will be wrapped with transaction, delete won't be wrapped
+        'scenario2' => array(
+            'attributes' => array('attribute1', 'attribute2'),
+            'atomic' => array(self::OP_INSERT, self::OP_UPDATE),
+        ),
+    );
+}
+```
+
 Query
 -----
 
 ### Basic Queries
 
-
-
 ### Relational Queries
 
 ### Scopes
-
-

yii/assets/yii.activeForm.js

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 		// whether to perform validation when a change is detected on the input
 		validateOnChange: false,
 		// whether to perform validation when the user is typing.
-   		validateOnType: false,
+		validateOnType: false,
 		// number of milliseconds that the validation should be delayed when a user is typing in the input field.
 		validationDelay: 200,
 		// whether to enable AJAX-based validation.

yii/assets/yii.captcha.js

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
 				dataType: 'json',
 				cache: false,
 				success: function(data) {
-					$e.attr('src', data['url']);
-					$('body').data(settings.hashKey, [data['hash1'], data['hash2']]);
+					$e.attr('src', data.url);
+					$('body').data(settings.hashKey, [data.hash1, data.hash2]);
 				}
 			});
 		},

yii/base/Controller.php

@@ -410,6 +410,7 @@ class Controller extends Component
 	 * Returns the view object that can be used to render views or view files.
 	 * The [[render()]], [[renderPartial()]] and [[renderFile()]] methods will use
 	 * this view object to implement the actual view rendering.
+	 * If not set, it will default to the "view" application component.
 	 * @return View the view object that can be used to render views or view files.
 	 */
 	public function getView()

yii/base/Model.php

@@ -590,18 +590,22 @@ class Model extends Component implements \IteratorAggregate, \ArrayAccess
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the attribute names that are safe to be massively assigned in the current scenario.
-	 * @return array safe attribute names
+	 * @return string[] safe attribute names
 	 */
 	public function safeAttributes()
 	{
 		$scenario = $this->getScenario();
 		$scenarios = $this->scenarios();
+		if (!isset($scenarios[$scenario])) {
+			return array();
+		}
 		$attributes = array();
-		if (isset($scenarios[$scenario])) {
-			foreach ($scenarios[$scenario] as $attribute) {
-				if ($attribute[0] !== '!') {
-					$attributes[] = $attribute;
-				}
+		if (isset($scenarios[$scenario]['attributes']) && is_array($scenarios[$scenario]['attributes'])) {
+			$scenarios[$scenario] = $scenarios[$scenario]['attributes'];
+		}
+		foreach ($scenarios[$scenario] as $attribute) {
+			if ($attribute[0] !== '!') {
+				$attributes[] = $attribute;
 			}
 		}
 		return $attributes;
@@ -609,23 +613,26 @@ class Model extends Component implements \IteratorAggregate, \ArrayAccess
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the attribute names that are subject to validation in the current scenario.
-	 * @return array safe attribute names
+	 * @return string[] safe attribute names
 	 */
 	public function activeAttributes()
 	{
 		$scenario = $this->getScenario();
 		$scenarios = $this->scenarios();
-		if (isset($scenarios[$scenario])) {
-			$attributes = $scenarios[$this->getScenario()];
-			foreach ($attributes as $i => $attribute) {
-				if ($attribute[0] === '!') {
-					$attributes[$i] = substr($attribute, 1);
-				}
-			}
-			return $attributes;
-		} else {
+		if (!isset($scenarios[$scenario])) {
 			return array();
 		}
+		if (isset($scenarios[$scenario]['attributes']) && is_array($scenarios[$scenario]['attributes'])) {
+			$attributes = $scenarios[$scenario]['attributes'];
+		} else {
+			$attributes = $scenarios[$scenario];
+		}
+		foreach ($attributes as $i => $attribute) {
+			if ($attribute[0] === '!') {
+				$attributes[$i] = substr($attribute, 1);
+			}
+		}
+		return $attributes;
 	}
 
 	/**

yii/base/Module.php

@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ abstract class Module extends Component
 	public function getComponent($id, $load = true)
 	{
 		if (isset($this->_components[$id])) {
-			if ($this->_components[$id] instanceof Component) {
+			if ($this->_components[$id] instanceof Object) {
 				return $this->_components[$id];
 			} elseif ($load) {
 				Yii::trace("Loading component: $id", __METHOD__);

yii/base/View.php

@@ -373,9 +373,10 @@ class View extends Component
 	 */
 	public function beginBlock($id, $renderInPlace = false)
 	{
-		return Block::begin($this, array(
+		return Block::begin(array(
 			'id' => $id,
 			'renderInPlace' => $renderInPlace,
+			'view' => $this,
 		));
 	}
 
@@ -406,9 +407,10 @@ class View extends Component
 	 */
 	public function beginContent($viewFile, $params = array())
 	{
-		return ContentDecorator::begin($this, array(
+		return ContentDecorator::begin(array(
 			'viewFile' => $viewFile,
 			'params' => $params,
+			'view' => $this,
 		));
 	}
 
@@ -442,8 +444,9 @@ class View extends Component
 	public function beginCache($id, $properties = array())
 	{
 		$properties['id'] = $id;
+		$properties['view'] = $this;
 		/** @var $cache FragmentCache */
-		$cache = FragmentCache::begin($this, $properties);
+		$cache = FragmentCache::begin($properties);
 		if ($cache->getCachedContent() !== false) {
 			$this->endCache();
 			return false;

yii/base/Widget.php

@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@ use Yii;
 class Widget extends Component
 {
 	/**
-	 * @var View the view object that this widget is associated with.
-	 * The widget will use this view object to register any needed assets.
-	 * This property is also required by [[render()]] and [[renderFile()]].
-	 */
-	public $view;
-	/**
-	 * @var string id of the widget.
-	 */
-	private $_id;
-	/**
 	 * @var integer a counter used to generate [[id]] for widgets.
 	 * @internal
 	 */
@@ -39,32 +29,19 @@ class Widget extends Component
 	 */
 	public static $_stack = array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * @param View $view the view object that this widget is associated with.
-	 * The widget will use this view object to register any needed assets.
-	 * It is also required by [[render()]] and [[renderFile()]].
-	 * @param array $config name-value pairs that will be used to initialize the object properties
-	 */
-	public function __construct($view, $config = array())
-	{
-		$this->view = $view;
-		parent::__construct($config);
-	}
-
+	
 	/**
 	 * Begins a widget.
 	 * This method creates an instance of the calling class. It will apply the configuration
 	 * to the created instance. A matching [[end()]] call should be called later.
-	 * @param View $view the view object that the newly created widget is associated with.
 	 * @param array $config name-value pairs that will be used to initialize the object properties
 	 * @return Widget the newly created widget instance
 	 */
-	public static function begin($view, $config = array())
+	public static function begin($config = array())
 	{
 		$config['class'] = get_called_class();
 		/** @var Widget $widget */
-		$widget = Yii::createObject($config, $view);
+		$widget = Yii::createObject($config);
 		self::$_stack[] = $widget;
 		return $widget;
 	}
@@ -93,21 +70,22 @@ class Widget extends Component
 	/**
 	 * Creates a widget instance and runs it.
 	 * The widget rendering result is returned by this method.
-	 * @param View $view the view object that the newly created widget is associated with.
 	 * @param array $config name-value pairs that will be used to initialize the object properties
 	 * @return string the rendering result of the widget.
 	 */
-	public static function widget($view, $config = array())
+	public static function widget($config = array())
 	{
 		ob_start();
 		ob_implicit_flush(false);
 		/** @var Widget $widget */
 		$config['class'] = get_called_class();
-		$widget = Yii::createObject($config, $view);
+		$widget = Yii::createObject($config);
 		$widget->run();
 		return ob_get_clean();
 	}
 
+	private $_id;
+	
 	/**
 	 * Returns the ID of the widget.
 	 * @param boolean $autoGenerate whether to generate an ID if it is not set previously
@@ -130,6 +108,32 @@ class Widget extends Component
 		$this->_id = $value;
 	}
 
+	private $_view;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns the view object that can be used to render views or view files.
+	 * The [[render()]] and [[renderFile()]] methods will use
+	 * this view object to implement the actual view rendering.
+	 * If not set, it will default to the "view" application component.
+	 * @return View the view object that can be used to render views or view files.
+	 */
+	public function getView()
+	{
+		if ($this->_view === null) {
+			$this->_view = Yii::$app->getView();
+		}
+		return $this->_view;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the view object to be used by this widget.
+	 * @param View $view the view object that can be used to render views or view files.
+	 */
+	public function setView($view)
+	{
+		$this->_view = $view;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Executes the widget.
 	 */
@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ class Widget extends Component
 	public function render($view, $params = array())
 	{
 		$viewFile = $this->findViewFile($view);
-		return $this->view->renderFile($viewFile, $params, $this);
+		return $this->getView()->renderFile($viewFile, $params, $this);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -171,7 +175,7 @@ class Widget extends Component
 	 */
 	public function renderFile($file, $params = array())
 	{
-		return $this->view->renderFile($file, $params, $this);
+		return $this->getView()->renderFile($file, $params, $this);
 	}
 
 	/**

yii/db/ActiveRecord.php

@@ -74,6 +74,22 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 	const EVENT_AFTER_DELETE = 'afterDelete';
 
 	/**
+	 * Represents insert ActiveRecord operation. This constant is used for specifying set of atomic operations
+	 * for particular scenario in the [[scenarios()]] method.
+	 */
+	const OP_INSERT = 'insert';
+	/**
+	 * Represents update ActiveRecord operation. This constant is used for specifying set of atomic operations
+	 * for particular scenario in the [[scenarios()]] method.
+	 */
+	const OP_UPDATE = 'update';
+	/**
+	 * Represents delete ActiveRecord operation. This constant is used for specifying set of atomic operations
+	 * for particular scenario in the [[scenarios()]] method.
+	 */
+	const OP_DELETE = 'delete';
+
+	/**
 	 * @var array attribute values indexed by attribute names
 	 */
 	private $_attributes = array();
@@ -664,10 +680,39 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 	 * @param array $attributes list of attributes that need to be saved. Defaults to null,
 	 * meaning all attributes that are loaded from DB will be saved.
 	 * @return boolean whether the attributes are valid and the record is inserted successfully.
+	 * @throws \Exception in case insert failed.
 	 */
 	public function insert($runValidation = true, $attributes = null)
 	{
-		if ($runValidation && !$this->validate($attributes) || !$this->beforeSave(true)) {
+		if ($runValidation && !$this->validate($attributes)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$db = static::getDb();
+		$transaction = $this->isOperationAtomic(self::OP_INSERT) && $db->getTransaction() === null ? $db->beginTransaction() : null;
+		try {
+			$result = $this->insertInternal($attributes);
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				if ($result === false) {
+					$transaction->rollback();
+				} else {
+					$transaction->commit();
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				$transaction->rollback();
+			}
+			throw $e;
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @see ActiveRecord::insert()
+	 */
+	private function insertInternal($attributes = null)
+	{
+		if (!$this->beforeSave(true)) {
 			return false;
 		}
 		$values = $this->getDirtyAttributes($attributes);
@@ -678,22 +723,23 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 		}
 		$db = static::getDb();
 		$command = $db->createCommand()->insert($this->tableName(), $values);
-		if ($command->execute()) {
-			$table = $this->getTableSchema();
-			if ($table->sequenceName !== null) {
-				foreach ($table->primaryKey as $name) {
-					if (!isset($this->_attributes[$name])) {
-						$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $this->_attributes[$name] = $db->getLastInsertID($table->sequenceName);
-						break;
-					}
+		if (!$command->execute()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$table = $this->getTableSchema();
+		if ($table->sequenceName !== null) {
+			foreach ($table->primaryKey as $name) {
+				if (!isset($this->_attributes[$name])) {
+					$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $this->_attributes[$name] = $db->getLastInsertID($table->sequenceName);
+					break;
 				}
 			}
-			foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
-				$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $value;
-			}
-			$this->afterSave(true);
-			return true;
 		}
+		foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
+			$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $value;
+		}
+		$this->afterSave(true);
+		return true;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -744,39 +790,67 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 	 * or [[beforeSave()]] stops the updating process.
 	 * @throws StaleObjectException if [[optimisticLock|optimistic locking]] is enabled and the data
 	 * being updated is outdated.
+	 * @throws \Exception in case update failed.
 	 */
 	public function update($runValidation = true, $attributes = null)
 	{
-		if ($runValidation && !$this->validate($attributes) || !$this->beforeSave(false)) {
+		if ($runValidation && !$this->validate($attributes)) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		$values = $this->getDirtyAttributes($attributes);
-		if (!empty($values)) {
-			$condition = $this->getOldPrimaryKey(true);
-			$lock = $this->optimisticLock();
-			if ($lock !== null) {
-				if (!isset($values[$lock])) {
-					$values[$lock] = $this->$lock + 1;
+		$db = static::getDb();
+		$transaction = $this->isOperationAtomic(self::OP_UPDATE) && $db->getTransaction() === null ? $db->beginTransaction() : null;
+		try {
+			$result = $this->updateInternal($attributes);
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				if ($result === false) {
+					$transaction->rollback();
+				} else {
+					$transaction->commit();
 				}
-				$condition[$lock] = $this->$lock;
 			}
-			// We do not check the return value of updateAll() because it's possible
-			// that the UPDATE statement doesn't change anything and thus returns 0.
-			$rows = $this->updateAll($values, $condition);
-
-			if ($lock !== null && !$rows) {
-				throw new StaleObjectException('The object being updated is outdated.');
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				$transaction->rollback();
 			}
+			throw $e;
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
 
-			foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
-				$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $this->_attributes[$name];
+	/**
+	 * @see CActiveRecord::update()
+	 * @throws StaleObjectException
+	 */
+	private function updateInternal($attributes = null)
+	{
+		if (!$this->beforeSave(false)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$values = $this->getDirtyAttributes($attributes);
+		if (empty($values)) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$condition = $this->getOldPrimaryKey(true);
+		$lock = $this->optimisticLock();
+		if ($lock !== null) {
+			if (!isset($values[$lock])) {
+				$values[$lock] = $this->$lock + 1;
 			}
+			$condition[$lock] = $this->$lock;
+		}
+		// We do not check the return value of updateAll() because it's possible
+		// that the UPDATE statement doesn't change anything and thus returns 0.
+		$rows = $this->updateAll($values, $condition);
 
-			$this->afterSave(false);
-			return $rows;
-		} else {
-			return 0;
+		if ($lock !== null && !$rows) {
+			throw new StaleObjectException('The object being updated is outdated.');
+		}
+
+		foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
+			$this->_oldAttributes[$name] = $this->_attributes[$name];
 		}
+		$this->afterSave(false);
+		return $rows;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -826,27 +900,43 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 	 * Note that it is possible the number of rows deleted is 0, even though the deletion execution is successful.
 	 * @throws StaleObjectException if [[optimisticLock|optimistic locking]] is enabled and the data
 	 * being deleted is outdated.
+	 * @throws \Exception in case delete failed.
 	 */
 	public function delete()
 	{
-		if ($this->beforeDelete()) {
-			// we do not check the return value of deleteAll() because it's possible
-			// the record is already deleted in the database and thus the method will return 0
-			$condition = $this->getOldPrimaryKey(true);
-			$lock = $this->optimisticLock();
-			if ($lock !== null) {
-				$condition[$lock] = $this->$lock;
+		$db = static::getDb();
+		$transaction = $this->isOperationAtomic(self::OP_DELETE) && $db->getTransaction() === null ? $db->beginTransaction() : null;
+		try {
+			$result = false;
+			if ($this->beforeDelete()) {
+				// we do not check the return value of deleteAll() because it's possible
+				// the record is already deleted in the database and thus the method will return 0
+				$condition = $this->getOldPrimaryKey(true);
+				$lock = $this->optimisticLock();
+				if ($lock !== null) {
+					$condition[$lock] = $this->$lock;
+				}
+				$result = $this->deleteAll($condition);
+				if ($lock !== null && !$result) {
+					throw new StaleObjectException('The object being deleted is outdated.');
+				}
+				$this->_oldAttributes = null;
+				$this->afterDelete();
 			}
-			$rows = $this->deleteAll($condition);
-			if ($lock !== null && !$rows) {
-				throw new StaleObjectException('The object being deleted is outdated.');
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				if ($result === false) {
+					$transaction->rollback();
+				} else {
+					$transaction->commit();
+				}
 			}
-			$this->_oldAttributes = null;
-			$this->afterDelete();
-			return $rows;
-		} else {
-			return false;
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			if ($transaction !== null) {
+				$transaction->rollback();
+			}
+			throw $e;
 		}
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -1336,4 +1426,19 @@ class ActiveRecord extends Model
 		}
 		return true;
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $operation possible values are ActiveRecord::INSERT, ActiveRecord::UPDATE and ActiveRecord::DELETE.
+	 * @return boolean whether given operation is atomic. Currently active scenario is taken into account.
+	 */
+	private function isOperationAtomic($operation)
+	{
+		$scenario = $this->getScenario();
+		$scenarios = $this->scenarios();
+		if (isset($scenarios[$scenario], $scenario[$scenario]['atomic']) && is_array($scenarios[$scenario]['atomic'])) {
+			return in_array($operation, $scenarios[$scenario]['atomic']);
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
 }

yii/web/CaptchaAction.php

@@ -260,10 +260,6 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 			(int)($this->foreColor % 0x10000 / 0x100),
 			$this->foreColor % 0x100);
 
-		if ($this->fontFile === null) {
-			$this->fontFile = dirname(__FILE__) . '/SpicyRice.ttf';
-		}
-
 		$length = strlen($code);
 		$box = imagettfbbox(30, 0, $this->fontFile, $code);
 		$w = $box[4] - $box[0] + $this->offset * ($length - 1);
@@ -302,10 +298,6 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 		$image = new \Imagick();
 		$image->newImage($this->width, $this->height, $backColor);
 
-		if ($this->fontFile === null) {
-			$this->fontFile = dirname(__FILE__) . '/SpicyRice.ttf';
-		}
-
 		$draw = new \ImagickDraw();
 		$draw->setFont($this->fontFile);
 		$draw->setFontSize(30);

yii/web/Pagination.php

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ use Yii;
  * }
  *
  * // display pagination
- * LinkPager::widget($this, array(
+ * LinkPager::widget(array(
  *     'pages' => $pages,
  * ));
  * ~~~

yii/widgets/Breadcrumbs.php

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use yii\helpers\Html;
  *
  * ~~~
  * // $this is the view object currently being used
- * echo Breadcrumbs::widget($this, array(
+ * echo Breadcrumbs::widget(array(
  *     'links' => array(
  *         array('label' => 'Sample Post', 'url' => array('post/edit', 'id' => 1)),
  *         'Edit',
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use yii\helpers\Html;
  *
  * ~~~
  * // $this is the view object currently being used
- * echo Breadcrumbs::widget($this, array(
+ * echo Breadcrumbs::widget(array(
  *     'links' => isset($this->params['breadcrumbs']) ? $this->params['breadcrumbs'] : array(),
  * ));
  * ~~~

yii/widgets/Menu.php

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use yii\helpers\Html;
  * 
  * ~~~
  * // $this is the view object currently being used
- * echo Menu::widget($this, array(
+ * echo Menu::widget(array(
  *     'items' => array(
  *         // Important: you need to specify url as 'controller/action',
  *         // not just as 'controller' even if default action is used.